Humic acid Production Process BY:Binny

Humic acid is a natural organic macromolecule widely found in soil, lignite, weathered coal, peat, and other natural resources. It is used for soil improvement, plant growth promotion, environmental adsorption, and more. The production process primarily depends on raw material sources and purification methods. Below are the common industrial production processes and technical details:

1. Raw Material Selection

Sources of humic acid include:

Lignite/Weathered Coal: High humic acid content (30%-70%), the primary industrial raw material.

Peat: Lower humic acid content (10%-30%), requiring further enrichment.

Other Organic Waste: Agricultural waste, sludge, etc., extracted via composting or chemical treatment.

2. Main Production Processes

(1) Alkali Extraction-Acid Precipitation (Most Common Method)

Steps:

Crushing & Screening: Raw material is ground to 80-200 mesh to increase surface area.

Alkali Extraction: Treated with NaOH or KOH solution (1%-5% concentration) at 60-90°C for 1-2 hours (pH 9-11) to dissolve humic acid.

Solid-Liquid Separation: Centrifugation or filtration removes residues (e.g., lignin, cellulose).

Acid Precipitation: HCl or H₂SO₄ is added to the filtrate (pH adjusted to 2-3) to precipitate humic acid.

Washing & Drying: The precipitate is washed to neutrality and dried to obtain the final product.

Features: Simple but requires controlled alkali concentration and temperature to avoid over-hydrolysis.

(2) Biological Fermentation Method

Microbial Degradation: Specific strains (e.g., white-rot fungi) break down non-humic components.

Composting: Raw materials mixed with manure undergo aerobic fermentation (20-30 days).

Advantages: Eco-friendly but slow, suitable for small-scale production.

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